Physical Review Letters collection of the year 2025

Each year, Physical Review Letters (PRL) publishes of order 2500 Letters across about 52 issues. We select about one-sixth of those papers to highlight as Editors' Suggestions. That is still a lot to read.


So, for the second consecutive year, we have distilled a single issue’s worth of Letters into a collection. We will publish such a collection each year.


Here is our Collection of the Year 2025, a set of some of our best papers from across the wide range of topics PRL covers in fundamental and applied physical science.


This year saw new benchmarks in quantum computational advantage; new limits on the cosmogenic neutrino flux and on WIMP dark matter; black holes merging according to Hawking’s area law; a culmination of an experiment on g-2 of the muon; first evidence for production of pairs of longitudinally polarized W bosons; a new super heavy isotope; advances in quantum gas microscopes; a method to control droplet splashing; a new type of plasma wave, seen on Jupiter; imaging of vortices in a superconductor; transport across single-molecule contacts; pressure-driven moiré potentials in graphene; universal phonon thermal Hall effects; a hot single-particle heat engine; a new way to change and measure the charge of a trapped microparticle; and more.


Congratulations to all the authors in this collection!


The PRL Editors

Quantum information, science, and technology

Observation of Anomalous Information Scrambling in a Rydberg Atom Array

Multimode Cavity QED Ising Spin Glass

Brendan P. Marsh et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135,160403 – Published 15 October, 2025

Xinhui Liang et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 050201 – Published 31 July, 2025

Entropic Costs of Extracting Classical Ticks from a Quantum Clock

Establishing a New Benchmark in Quantum Computational Advantage with 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.0 Processor

Vivek Wadhia et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 200407 – Published 14 November, 2025

Dongxin Gao et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 090601 – Published 3 March, 2025

Experimental Quantum Error Correction below the Surface Code Threshold via All-Microwave Leakage Suppression

Strain-Enhanced Spin Readout Contrast in Silicon Carbide Membranes

Haibo Hu et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 110601 – Published 10 September, 2025

Tan He et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 260601 – Published 22 December, 2025

Ultrafast High-Fidelity State Readout of Single Neutral Atom

Jian Wang et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 240802 – Published 20 June, 2025

Cosmology, astrophysics, and gravitation

Search for Extremely-High-Energy Neutrinos and First Constraints on the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Proton Fraction with IceCube

Fully Nonlinear Gravitational Wave Simulations from Past to Future Null Infinity

Jörg Frauendiener, Chris Stevens, and Sebenele Thwala


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 161401 – Published 23 April, 2025

R. Abbasi et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031001 – Published 15 July, 2025

Dynamical Response of Viscous Objects to Gravitational Waves

GW250114: Testing Hawking’s Area Law and the Kerr Nature of Black Holes

Valentin Boyanov et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151402 – Published 8 October, 2025

LIGO Scientific, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 111403 – Published 10 September, 2025

Dynamical Formation of Regular Black Holes

First Law of Binary Black Hole Scattering

Pablo Bueno et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 181401 – Published 6 May, 2025

Riccardo Gonzo, Jack Lewis, and Adam Pound 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 131401 – Published 23 September, 2025

Particles and fields

Monopole-Fermion Scattering and the Solution to the Semiton–Unitarity Puzzle

Kinematic Flow and the Emergence of Time

Nima Arkani-Hamed et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031602 – Published 18 July, 2025

Vazha Loladze, and Takemichi Okui


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 051602 – Published 6 February, 2025

Ultraviolet-Complete Local Field Theory of Persistent Symmetry Breaking in 2+1 Dimensions

Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2  Tonne−Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Bilal Hawashin, Junchen Rong,and Michael M. Scherer


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 041602 – Published 28 January, 2025

LZ Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 011802 – Published 1 July, 2025

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 127 ppb

First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT

Muon 𝑔 −2 Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 101802 – Published 2 September, 2025

XENON Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 111802 – Published 20 March, 2025

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized 𝑊 Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign 𝑊 Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in 𝑝⁢𝑝 Collisions at √𝑠=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector

ATLAS Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 111802 – Published 10 September, 2025

Nuclear physics

Precision Measurement of Net-Proton-Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

Observation of 𝑡⁢¯𝑡 Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at √𝑠NN=5.02  TeV with the ATLAS Detector

STAR Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 142301 – Published 29 September, 2025

ATLAS Collaboration


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 142301 – Published 7 April, 2025

Probing the Shell Effects on Fission: The New Superheavy Nucleus 257Sg

P. Mosat et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 232501 – Published 11 June, 2025

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Ionization Energy of Metastable 3He (2 3𝑆1) and the Alpha- and Helion-Particle Charge-Radius Difference from Precision Spectroscopy of the 𝑛⁢𝑝 Rydberg Series

Letokhov-Chebotayev Intracavity Trapping Spectroscopy of H2

Wim Ubachs et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 223201 – Published 25 November, 2025

Gloria Clausen and Frédéric Merkt


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 223001 – Published 2 June, 2025

In Situ Imaging of a Single-Atom Wave Packet in Continuous Space

Dynamical Formation of Multiple Quantum Droplets in a Bose-Bose Mixture

Joris Verstraten et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 083403 – Published 28 February, 2025

L. Cavicchioli et al.  


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 093401 – Published 7 March, 2025

Quantum Gas Microscopy of Fermions in the Continuum

Measuring Pair Correlations in Bose and Fermi Gases via Atom-Resolved Microscopy

Tim de Jongh et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 183403 – Published 5 May, 2025

Ruixiao Yao et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 183402 – Published 5 May, 2025

In Situ Imaging of the Thermal de Broglie Wavelength in an Ultracold Bose Gas

Jinggang Xiang et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 183401 – Published 5 May, 2025

Physics of fluids, earth and planetary science, and climate

Turbulence without Walls: Whither the Zeroth Law of Turbulence?

Why Charged Drops Do Not Splash

Fanfei Yu et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 134001 – Published 1 April, 2025

Kartik P. Iyer et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 134001 – Published 22 September, 2025

Formation of Iron-Helium Compounds under High Pressure

Haruki Takezawa et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 084101 – Published 25 February, 2025

Plasma and solar physics, accelerators and beams

Experimental Generation of Extreme Electron Beams for Advanced Accelerator Applications

Acceleration of Positive Muons by a Radio-Frequency Cavity

C. Emma et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 085001 – Published 27 February, 2025

S. Aritome et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 245001 – Published 16 June, 2025

Oxygen Opacity Measurements at High-Energy-Density Conditions

New Plasma Regime in Jupiter’s Auroral Zones

R. L. Lysak et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035201 – Published 16 July, 2025

J. E. Bailey et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 205101 – Published 12 November, 2025

Physics of condensed matter and materials

Topological Landau Theory

Probing Vortex Dynamics in 2D Superconductors with Scanning Quantum Microscope

Canon Sun, and Joseph Maciejko


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 256001 – Published 23 June, 2025

Sreehari Jayaram et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 126001 – Published 16 September, 2025

Large Tunable Kinetic Inductance in a Twisted Graphene Superconductor

Auroralike Light from a Polymer 𝑝−𝑛 Junction Emitting Free Electrons

Rounak Jha et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 216001 – Published 27 May, 2025

Dongze Wang and Jun Gao


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 096203 – Published 7 March, 2025

Control of Andreev Reflection via a Single-Molecule Orbital

Pressure-Driven Moiré Potential Enhancement and Tertiary Gap Opening in Graphene/h-BN Heterostructure

Lorenz Meyer et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 146201 – Published 9 April, 2025

Yupeng Wang et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046303 – Published 24 July, 2025

Discovery of Universal Phonon Thermal Hall Effect in Crystals

Identifying Electronic Doorway States in Secondary Electron Emission from Layered Materials

X. B. Jin et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 196302 – Published 3 November, 2025

A. Niggas et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 166401 – Published 15 October, 2025

Quantification of Electronic Asymmetry: Chirality and Axiality in Solids

Higher Vortexability: Zero-Field Realization of Higher Landau Levels

Tatsuya Miki et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226401 – Published 4 June, 2025

Manato Fujimoto et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 106502 – Published 10 March, 2025

Possible Spin-Triplet Excitonic Insulator in the Ultraquantum Limit of HfTe5

Emergent Self-Propulsion of Skyrmionic Matter in Synthetic Antiferromagnets

Jinyu Liu et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046601 – Published 22 July, 2025

Clécio C. de Souza Silva, Matheus V. Correia, and J. C. Piña Velásquez


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 086701 – Published 18 August, 2025

Ferroelectric Switchable Altermagnetism

Antiferroelectric Altermagnets: Antiferroelectricity Alters Magnets

Mingqiang Gu et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 106802 – Published 13 March, 2025

Xunkai Duan et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 106801 – Published 13 March, 2025

Observation of Strong Nonreciprocal Thermal Emission

Eliminating Surface Oxides of Superconducting Circuits with Noble Metal Encapsulation

Zhenong Zhang et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 016901 – Published 30 June, 2025

Ray D. Chang et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 097001 – Published 6 March, 2025

Statistical physics; Classical, nonlinear, and complex Systems

Extreme-Temperature Single-Particle Heat Engine

Smooth Exact Gradient Descent Learning in Spiking Neural Networks

M. Message et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 217101 – Published 19 November, 2025

Christian Klos and Raoul-Martin Memmesheimer


Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 267101 – Published 23 December, 2024

Random Tree Model of Meaningful Memory

Nonreciprocal Spin-Glass Transition and Aging

Weishun Zhong et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 237402 – Published 13 June, 2025

Giulia Garcia Lorenzana et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 187402 – Published 30 October, 2025

Polymers, chemical physics, soft matter, and biological physics

Radiative Stabilization of the Indenyl Cation: Recurrent Fluorescence in a Closed-Shell Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Single-Chain Nanoparticles Break the Strength-Toughness-Processability Trilemma in Polymer Glasses

Lei Zhang et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 118101 – Published 8 September, 2025

James N. Bull et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 228002 – Published 6 June, 2025

Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air

Pure Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Active Jets of Puller Microalgae

Andrea Stoellner et al.


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 218202 – Published 20 November, 2025

Isabelle Eisenmann et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 198301 – Published 6 November, 2025

Kinetic Theory of Decentralized Learning for Smart Active Matter

Differential Elasticity Affects Lineage Segregation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Gerhard Jung, Misaki Ozawa, and Eric Bertin


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 248302 – Published 18 June, 2025

Christine M. Ritter et al. 


Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 168401 – Published 25 April, 2025

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